Research Guides: Copyright Information for Faculty : Categories of Content

Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA

This guide and the resources included within are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, except as otherwise noted. Questions and requests may be directed to Meaghan Shannon, Copyright Librarian at Queen's University: meaghan.shannon@queensu.ca.

Introduction to Categories of Content

The information on this page is intended for Queen's faculty and addresses the following:

- Faculty-Created Content,

- Print Sources (General),

- Government Documents and Publications (Print and Online),

- Case Studies (Print and Online),

- Textbooks and Publisher-Issued Supplemental and Instructional Materials,

- Coursepacks,

- Open Educational Resources,

- Publicly Accessible Online Content (General),

- Creative Commons-licensed Content and Works,

- Library-licensed Content and Works (General, Images, Music, Films and Videos),

- Links, Hyperlinks, and Persistent Links,

- Images (Print, Textbooks and Publisher-Issued Supplemental and Instructional Materials, Online, Creative Commons-licensed and Library-licensed, Subscription-based Sources, and Social Media Platforms),

- Audio Recordings (Physical Formats, Online, Library-licensed, and Streaming Services),

- Music (Physical Formats, Online, Creative Commons-licensed and Library-licensed, and Streaming Services),

- Sheet Music (Print, Online, and Public Domain, Creative Commons-licensed, and Library-licensed)

- Films and Videos (Physical Formats, Online, YouTube, Library-licensed, and Streaming Services),

- Subscription-based Content and Social Media,

- Streaming Services (Music and Films and Videos),

- Ed Tech Tools,

- Guest Lecturers' Materials,

- Student Works, and

- Alternate Formats for Students.

The information on this page seeks to address the categories, or types, of copyright-protected works and content and how they can be used within classrooms, within course sites, during online classes, and during recorded lectures. This information is also available, and organized based on uses of content, on our Copyright in the Classroom page and our Copyright in Course Sites page. For ease of use, our Quick Reference Guide (Faculty Edition) is available below.

For information about the production of modules that are accessed and used by students from within course sites, please see our Media Production page which also addresses the production of videos and audio recordings.

Please see our Copyright & Artificial Intelligence and Copyright & Indigenous Works pages for information about the use of AI-generated content and Indigenous works of cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and traditional cultural expression.

If you're looking for information about a specific category/type of content or a specific use of content that has not been addressed within the pages of this guide, please let us know as we would be happy to make that information available.

If you have any questions or need assistance, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Quick Reference Guide (Faculty Edition)

Faculty-Created Content

The content that faculty create for the facilitation of their courses is protected by copyright and Queen's faculty retain the rights (economic and moral) to the content that they create. Examples of this content include: course outlines, handouts, postings, assignment templates, slides, lecture notes, and any media that faculty produce. This faculty-created content may include text, images, links, embedded media, etc. but it's important to note that incorporating such content into faculty-created content does not result in the rights to such content being transferred to faculty; the rights to such content will remain with each piece of content's copyright owner. As such, appropriate exceptions in the Copyright Act, the Fair Dealing Requirements for Educational Copying (Appendix A of Queen's University's Copyright Compliance and Administration Policy), and applicable licenses and terms of use/service should be adhered to. Please see the information below or consult our Copyright in the Classroom and/or Copyright in Course Sites pages for information about specific types of content and how to appropriately incorporate them into faculty-created content. *Please note that it is important for both copyright-related reasons and academic purposes to acknowledge the authors and sources of content, by way of attribution statements, citations, or credit lines, whenever such content is incorporated into faculty-created content.*

Faculty-created content can be distributed and displayed to students in the classroom and communicated to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture at the faculty member's discretion.

As Queen's faculty retain the rights (economic and moral) to the content that they create, it is recommended that faculty consider making the following information visible on or included within their faculty-created content:

(c) [year], Prepared by [name of faculty member], Professor, Queen's University [email address] for use in [course, term].

A Creative Commons license could be applied at the faculty member's discretion, please see the Creative Commons Licenses section on our Authors' Rights & Course Materials page (a Creative Commons license would apply only to the faculty-created content, not to any incorporated content), or the line above could be accompanied by a statement addressing the use of the faculty-created content within the course and/or program as well as the reproduction, distribution, and communication of the faculty-created content online and outside of the course and/or program.

Example: This slide deck is protected by copyright and was prepared for use within [course, term] by students enrolled in the course. The reproduction, distribution, and communication of this slide deck online and outside of [course, term] is not permitted without permission from [name of faculty member], Professor, Queen's University [email address].

The Copyright Advisory Office offers a Takedown Notice service for Queen's faculty who have found their faculty-created content on course content sharing sites like Course Hero and StuDocU and would like their faculty-created content removed from such sites. For information about this service, please see our page linked above or contact the Copyright Services Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Print Sources (General)

Handouts in the Classroom and Postings in Course Sites

Handouts and postings that consist of content reproduced from print sources may be produced and distributed in the classroom to students enrolled in a course (handouts) and communicated via a course site to students enrolled in a course (postings) in accordance with the Fair Dealing Requirements for Educational Copying (Appendix A of Queen's University's Copyright Compliance and Administration Policy). A handout or posting may consist of a short excerpt from a copyright-protected material or work. The Fair Dealing Requirements define 'a short excerpt' as follows:

a. a single page range of up to 10% of a copyright-protected material or work;

b. one chapter from a book;

c. a single article from an issue or volume of a periodical;

d. an entire artistic work (including a painting, print, photograph, diagram, drawing, map, chart, and plan) from a copyright-protected material or work containing other artistic works;

e. an entire newspaper article or page from a day's or week's print format newspaper;

f. an entire single poem or musical score from a copyright-protected material or work containing other poems or musical scores; or

g. an entire entry from an encyclopedia, annotated bibliography, dictionary, or similar reference work;

provided that, in each case, no more of the copyright-protected material or work is reproduced in order to achieve the allowable purpose.

*An attribution statement acknowledging the author and source of the short excerpt should be visible on the reproduced short excerpt that is reproduced and distributed to students in the classroom (handout) or reproduced and communicated to students via a course site (posting).*

Additional information about short excerpts is available in the Short Excerpts Explained section on our Overview of Fair Dealing page.

The Fair Dealing Requirements permit the reproduction of a single short excerpt from a copyright-protected material or work. If you need to reproduce multiple short excerpts from the same copyright-protected material or work, one single short excerpt would be reproduced in accordance with the Fair Dealing Requirements and any additional short excerpts would require authorization or permission from the copyright owner. Queen's faculty are encouraged to use the Copyright Advisory Office's Permissions & Licensing service.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make copies of handouts and postings from print sources available to students through their course sites.

Slides in the Classroom, Course Sites, Online Classes, and Recorded Lectures

Slides that consist of content from print sources can be produced and displayed to students in the classroom and communicated to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture in accordance with section 29.4(1) of the Copyright Act. Section 29.4(1) is an exception that permits the reproduction of a copyright-protected work in order to display it. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced for education or training-related purposes;

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced by an educational institution or a person acting under its authority;

- the display of the copyright-protected work occurs on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the copyright-protected work is not already commercially available in a medium that is appropriate for the purpose of display; and

- *the author(s) and source of the copyright-protected work must be acknowledged when content from print sources is reproduced, displayed, and communicated to students.*

Quizzes, Tests, and Exams

Quizzes, tests, and exams that consist of content reproduced from print sources can be distributed to students in the classroom and communicated to students via a course site in accordance with section 29.4(2) of the Copyright Act. Section 29.4(2) is an exception that permits the reproduction, translation, performance, and communication of a copyright-protected work as required for a quiz, test, or examination. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced, translated, performed, or communicated for education or training-related purposes;

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced, translated, performed, or communicated by an educational institution or a person acting under its authority;

- the quiz, test, or examination takes place on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the copyright-protected work is not already commercially available in a medium that is appropriate for the purpose of a quiz, test, or examination; and

- *the author(s) and source of the copyright-protected work must be acknowledged when content from print sources is reproduced, distributed. translated, performed, or communicated as required for a quiz, test, or examination.*

If you have any questions or concerns about the use of content from print sources, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Government Documents and Publications (Print and Online)

Print Format Government Documents and Publications

Federal government documents and publications are produced and compiled by the Government of Canada and are protected by Crown copyright. These documents and publications can be reproduced for education and training-related purposes if a specific attribution statement that identifies the Government of Canada as the source, acknowledges Crown copyright, and acknowledges that the reproduction is not the original version, is visible on the reproduced document or publication.

Example: Government of Canada, (c) His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, [publication date]. This is a reproduction of [title of document or publication], this is not the original version.

Provincial and Territorial print materials are protected by Crown copyright which is held by the King's Printer for the Province or Territory. These print materials can be reproduced for education and training-related purposes if a specific attribution statement that credits the Provincial or Territorial print material, acknowledges Crown copyright, and acknowledges that the reproduction is not the original version, is visible on the reproduced print material.

Example: [Title of print material], (c) King's Printer for [Province or Territory], [publication date]. This is a reproduction of [title of print material], this is not the original version.

Online Government Documents and Publications

Example: Government of Canada, (c) His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, [publication date]. This is a reproduction of [title of document or publication], the original version is available online: [url].

Provincial and Territorial digital materials are protected by Crown copyright which is held by the King's Printer for the Province or Territory. These digital materials can be reproduced for education and training-related purposes if a specific attribution statement that credits the Provincial or Territorial digital material, acknowledges Crown copyright, and acknowledges that the reproduction is not the original version, is visible on the reproduced digital material.

Example: [Title of digital material], (c) King's Printer for [Province or Territory], [publication date]. This is a reproduction of [title of digital material], the original version is available online: [url].

Please keep in mind that linking or hyperlinking to government documents, publications, and digital materials is an alternative to reproducing that content. Linking or hyperlinking does not constitute reproducing that content and links or hyperlinks would not need to be accompanied by attribution statements.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make copies of print or online government documents, publications, and materials available to students through their course sites.

Case Studies (Print and Online)

Licenses from publishers are required in order to reproduce and distribute case studies, or copies of them, to students in the classroom and in order to reproduce and communicate case studies, or copies of them, to students via a course site.

Licenses from publishers are also required in order to use case studies, or copies of them, during quizzes, tests, and exams.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use the Copyright Advisory Office's Permissions & Licensing service.

Textbooks and Publisher-Issued Supplemental and Instructional Materials

When a textbook has been adopted as required for a course and students are expected to purchase the textbook, the faculty member will often have permission from the textbook's publisher to make use of content within the textbook, and the supplemental and instructional materials that accompany and support the textbook, in order to facilitate the course. Instructor's manuals, slide decks, image banks, and test banks are examples of publisher-issued supplemental and instructional materials. *Whenever content from these materials is incorporated into handouts, postings, slide decks, etc. that content should be accompanied by attribution statements that acknowledge the author(s) of the textbook, the title of the textbook, the edition of the textbook, and the publisher of the textbook.*

Slide decks can generally be used as issued by the publisher and content can be added to them (in accordance with information provided in our Images section below on this Categories of Content page). Publisher-issued slide decks will include copyright notices that identify the publisher as the copyright owner. These copyright notices should not be modified, removed, or obstructed by content that faculty add to the slide decks. *Attribution statements should accompany any content that is added to publisher-issued slide decks so as to acknowledge the author(s) and source(s) of that content and to differentiate it from the publisher's content.*

Publishers and instructors are very protective of content within test banks as the breach of content from these banks can adversely effect the integrity of the banks themselves and the quizzes, tests, and exams into which the content has been incorporated. Please exercise caution when preparing review materials for students and returning evaluated quizzes, tests, and exams to students.

Please note that if, in an upcoming term, you adopt a new edition of a textbook, you may be required by the publisher to make use of the supplemental and instructional materials that accompany and support that new edition and cease use of the materials that accompanied and supported the previous edition. Similarly, if you adopt a different publisher's textbook, you would be required by both publishers to use the supplemental and instructional materials that accompany and support the newly adopted textbook and cease use of the materials that accompanied and supported the textbook that had previously been adopted.

The Copyright Advisory Office has consulted with the publishers whose textbooks are sold through the Campus Bookstore at Queen's University and Smith Materials Management. The list linked below outlines the publishers' specific grants of permission and considerations for publisher-issued supplemental and instructional materials that accompany and support their textbooks that are adopted as required for courses at Queen's University. If the publisher of the textbook that you have adopted as required for your course is not listed or if your use of supplemental and instructional materials is outside of the scope of your textbook publisher's grant of permission and considerations, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Textbooks and Publisher-Issued Supplemental and Instructional Materials List

Coursepacks

The Campus Bookstore at Queen's University and the AMS Printing & Copying Centre are the two providers of coursepack-related services at Queen's University. Both of these organizations operate independently from Queen's University and both operate under Access Copyright licenses to clear copyright for the reproduction and sale of content within coursepacks. These licenses prohibit further reproduction of this content so content within coursepacks cannot be reproduced and distributed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course and cannot be reproduced and communicated via a course site to students enrolled in the course.

Coursepacks are available in print format only and cannot be placed on reserve in any of the Queen's University Library locations. Queen's faculty who are interested in creating a digital coursepack, a package of digital copies of course readings that are available within their course sites (instead of within a print format coursepack), are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service.

Open Educational Resources

Queen's University Library's Open Educational Resources page and Open Educational Resources Guide include detailed information about the use, adaptation, and development of Open Educational Resources.

Publicly Accessible Online Content (General)

Handouts, postings, quizzes, tests, and exams that consist of content reproduced from publicly accessible online sources can be produced and distributed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course and communicated via a course site to students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act.

Slide decks that consist of content reproduced from publicly accessible online sources can be displayed to students in the classroom, via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act.

Section 30.04 is an exception that permits the use of publicly accessible online content for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the content must be publicly accessible (you must be able to access the content without creating an account, logging in to a website, subscribing to a website, platform, or online service, or paying any fees);

- the content must be legitimate (not an infringing copy) and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner (consult verified accounts and trusted websites, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the content, and avoid content that is accompanied by disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended');

- the content must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices that prohibit educational or non-commercial use;

- access to and use of the content must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid images that have been watermarked, avoid text that cannot be downloaded or copied and pasted, and avoid music and videos that cannot be played in your geographic location); and

- *the author(s) and source of the content must be acknowledged when publicly accessible online content is reproduced, distributed, displayed, performed, and communicated to students.*

Please keep in mind that linking or hyperlinking to publicly accessible online content is an alternative to reproducing that content. In the decision regarding Crookes v. Newton (2011), the Supreme Court of Canada stated that "a hyperlink, by itself, should never be seen as 'publication' of the content to which it refers" [para. 14]. Linking or hyperlinking to content does not constitute reproducing that content and links or hyperlinks would not need to be accompanied by attribution statements.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make handouts from online sources available to students through their course sites.

Creative Commons-licensed Content and Works

Creative Commons-licensed content and works are protected by copyright. Authors of Creative Commons-licensed content and works have elected to employ Creative Commons licenses to pre-authorize the use of their copyright-protected content and works by permitting the exercising of some or all of their economic rights and retaining their moral right of attribution. There are seven Creative Commons licenses that permit specific uses of content and works and range from least to most restrictive.

All seven Creative Commons licenses permit educational use but some licenses do not permit adaptations or the creation of derivative works such as incorporating components (ie blocks of text or images) from Creative Commons-licensed content and works into handouts, postings, slides, quizzes, tests, or exams.

The Creative Commons Licenses

CC 0: both moral and economic rights are waived. The content or work can be used without any restrictions but *the attribution right should be respected for academic purposes.*

CC BY: economic rights are waived, the content or work can be used for both commercial and non-commercial purposes. *Respecting the attribution right is the only requirement.*

CC BY-SA: economic rights are waived, the content or work can be used for both commercial and non-commercial purposes. *Respecting the attribution right is required* and any new content or work must be shared alike (must be made available through the use of a CC BY-SA license).

CC BY-ND: economic rights are waived, the content or work can be used for both commercial and non-commercial purposes but adaptations and the creation of derivative works are not permitted (content or work must be used as is). *Respecting the attribution right is required.*

CC BY-NC: economic rights are waived, the content or work can be used for non-commercial purposes only (commercial use requires authorization or permission from the copyright owner). *Respecting the attribution right is required.*

CC BY-NC-SA: economic rights are waived, the content or work can be used for non-commercial purposes only (commercial use requires authorization or permission from the copyright owner). *Respecting the attribution right is required* and any new content or work must be shared alike (must be made available through the use of a CC BY-NC-SA license).

CC BY-NC-ND: economic rights are waived, the content or work can be used for non-commercial purposes only (commercial use requires authorization or permission from the copyright owner) but adaptations and the creation of derivative works are not permitted (content must be used as is). *Respecting the attribution right is required.*

If you have questions about Creative Commons-licensed content or works, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Creative Commons-licensed Images

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The chart links to image search tools, with information about conducting searches for Creative Commons-licensed images, and online sources of Creative Commons-licensed image collections with information about the scope of use and attribution statements.

If you come across an image, from any online source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that image can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Creative Commons-licensed Music

If you come across music, from any online source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that music can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Creative Commons-licensed Sheet Music

If you come across sheet music, from any online source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that sheet music can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Library-licensed Content and Works (General, Images, Music, Films and Videos)

Library-licensed Content and Works

Queen's University Library has licensed the use of content and works, such as eBooks, journal articles, and discipline-specific eResources, for educational use by Queen's faculty, students, researchers, and staff. Library-licensed content and works are available through databases and can be accessed through the use of search tools. While, in many cases, handouts can be produced (printed) and distributed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course, postings cannot be printed, scanned, and uploaded to course sites or downloaded and uploaded to course sites (such copies would be in violation of license agreements as they would compete with the original digital content and works within the databases). The databases will feature persistent linking or other sharing options so that students can be directed to the original content and works within the databases. The url that will display at the top of your browser will be unique to your logged in search session - rather than use that url, please make use of the persistent linking or other sharing options within the databases. Students may be prompted to log in so that they're recognized as authorized users but, once logged in, they will be able to access the content and works that you've directed them to through the persistent links or other sharing options.

If you have questions about databases and their permitted uses and restrictions, please consult our License Information page or contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Library-licensed Image Collections

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The chart links to library-licensed image collections with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use and attribution statements. In many cases, images from library-licensed image collections can be incorporated into handouts, postings, slides, quizzes, tests, and exams and can be displayed in the classroom, in a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture.

Library-licensed Music Collections

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The first page of the chart includes links to library-licensed music collections with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use. Music from library-licensed music collections can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site. Music from library-licensed music collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

Library-licensed Sheet Music Collections

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The second page of the chart includes links to library-licensed collections of sheet music, with information about the scope of use and attribution statements. Sheet music from library-licensed collections of sheet music can be reproduced, distributed, and displayed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course and persistent links can be used within a course site. Sheet music from library-licensed collections of sheet music cannot be communicated during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

If you come across sheet music from any online source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that sheet music can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Library-licensed Film and Video Collections

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The chart includes links to library-licensed film and video collections with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use. Of the 38 collections listed, 31 can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site but the films and videos in these collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture. One of the collections can be used within Faculty of Education courses only. The remaining 6 collections may be accessed and used for private study and research purposes only. As such, the word 'teaching' will be highlighted in the Scope of Use column in cases where library-licensed film and video collections can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site but the films and videos in these collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

If you come across a film or video, from any online source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that film or video can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make library-licensed content and works, images, music, sheet music, films and videos, and persistent links, available to students through their course sites.

Links, Hyperlinks, and Persistent Links

Links and Hyperlinks

Linking or hyperlinking to publicly accessible online content is an alternative to reproducing that content. In the decision regarding Crookes v. Newton (2011), the Supreme Court of Canada stated that "a hyperlink, by itself, should never been seen as 'publication' of the content to which it refers" [para.14]. Linking or hyperlinking to content does not constitute reproducing that content and links or hyperlinks would not need to be accompanied by attribution statements. Links and hyperlinks can be included in handouts, postings, slides, and course sites.

Persistent Links

Queen's University Library has licensed the use of content and works, such as eBooks, journal articles, and discipline-specific eResources, for educational use by Queen's faculty, students, researchers, and staff. Library-licensed content and works are available through databases and can be accessed through the use of search tools. The databases will feature persistent linking or other sharing options so that students can be directed to the content and works within the databases. The url that will display at the top of your browser will be unique to your logged in search session - rather than use that url, please make use of the persistent linking or other sharing options in the databases. Students may be prompted to log in so that they're recognized as authorized users but, once logged in, they will be able to access the content and works that you've directed them to through the persistent links or other sharing options. Persistent links can be included in handouts, postings, slides, and course sites.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make links, hyperlinks, and persistent links available to students through their course sites.

Images (Print, Textbooks and Publisher-Issued Supplemental and Instructional Materials, Online, Creative Commons-licensed and Library-licensed, Subscription-based Sources, and Social Media Platforms)

Images from Print Sources - Handouts and Postings

Images from print sources may be reproduced and distributed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course (handouts) and communicated via a course site to students enrolled in the course (postings) in accordance with the Fair Dealing Requirements for Educational Copying (Appendix A of Queen's University's Copyright Compliance and Administration Policy). A handout or posting may consist of a short excerpt from a copyright-protected material or work. The Fair Dealing Requirements define 'a short excerpt' as follows:

d. an artistic work (including a painting, print, photograph, diagram, drawing, map, chart, and plan) from a copyright-protected material or work containing other artistic works;

provided that, in each case, no more of the copyright-protected material or work is reproduced in order to achieve the allowable purpose.

Additional information about short excerpts is available in the Short Excerpts Explained section on our Overview of Fair Dealing page.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make copies of short excerpts from copyright-protected material and works available to students through their course sites.

Images from Print Sources - Slides

Images from print sources can be reproduced and displayed to students in the classroom and communicated to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture in accordance with section 29.4(1) of the Copyright Act. Section 29.4(1) is an exception that permits the reproduction of a copyright-protected work in order to display it. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced for education or training-related purposes,

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced by an educational institution or a person acting under its authority;

- the display of the copyright-protected work occurs on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the copyright-protected work is not already commercially available in a medium that is appropriate for the purpose of display; and

- *the author(s) and source of the copyright-protected work must be acknowledged when content from print sources is reproduced, displayed, and communicated to students.*

Images from Print Sources - Quizzes, Tests, and Exams

Images from print sources can be reproduced and incorporated into quizzes, tests, and exams that are distributed to students in the classroom and communicated to students via a course site in accordance with section 29.4(2) of the Copyright Act. Section 29.4(2) is an exception that permits the reproduction, translation, performance, and communication of a copyright-protected work as required for a quiz, test, or examination. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced, translated, performed, or communicated for education or training-related purposes;

- the copyright-protected work is reproduced, translated, performed, or communicated by an educational institution or a person acting under its authority;

- the quiz, test, or examination takes place on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the copyright-protected work is not already commercially available in a medium that is appropriate for the purpose of a quiz, test, or examination, and

- *the author(s) and source of the copyright-protected work must be acknowledged when content from print sources is reproduced, distributed, translated, performed, or communicated as required for a quiz, test, or examination.*

Images from Textbooks and Publisher-Issued Supplemental and Instructional Materials

When a textbook has been adopted as required for a course and students are expected to purchase the textbook, the faculty member will often have permission from the textbook's publisher to make use of content within the textbook, and the supplemental and instructional materials that accompany and support the textbook, in order to facilitate the course. Slide decks and image banks are publisher-issued supplemental and instructional materials. Slide decks can generally be used as issued by the publisher and content can be added to them (in accordance with information provided within this Images section of our Categories of Content page). Publisher-issued slide decks will include copyright notices that identify the publisher as the copyright owner. These copyright notices should not be modified, removed, or obstructed by content that faculty add to the slide decks. *Attribution statements should accompany any content that is added to publisher-issued slide decks so as to acknowledge the author(s) and source(s) of that content and to differentiate it from the publisher's content.*

Please note that if, in an upcoming term, you adopt a new edition of the textbook, you may be required by the publisher to make use of the slide decks that accompany and support that new edition and cease use of the slide decks that accompanied and supported the previous edition. Similarly, if you adopt a different publisher's textbook, you would be required by both publishers to use the slide decks that accompany and support the newly adopted textbook and cease use of the slide decks that accompanied and supported the textbook that had previously been adopted.

The Copyright Advisory Office has consulted with the publishers whose textbooks are sold through the Campus Bookstore at Queen's University and Smith Materials Management. The list linked below outlines the publishers' specific grants of permission and considerations for publisher-issued supplemental and instructional materials that accompany and support their textbooks that are adopted as required for courses at Queen's University. If the publisher of the textbook that you have adopted as required is not listed or if your use of supplemental and instructional materials is outside of the scope of the publisher's grant of permission and considerations, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Images from Online Sources

Images from publicly accessible online sources can be reproduced and incorporated into handouts, postings, slides, quizzes, tests, and exams that are distributed and displayed to students in the classroom and communicated to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Section 30.04 is an exception that permits the use of publicly accessible online content for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the content must be legitimate (not an infringing copy) and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner (consult with verified accounts and trusted websites, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the content, and avoid content that is accompanied by disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended');

- the content must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices that prohibit educational or non-commercial use;

- access to and use of the content must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid images that have been watermarked, avoid text that cannot be downloaded or copied and pasted, and avoid content that cannot be played in your geographic location); and

- *the author(s) and source of the content must be acknowledged when publicly accessible content is reproduced, distributed, displayed, and communicated to students.*

Google Advanced Image Searches

In order to make use of the exception in section 30.04 of the Copyright Act, the five conditions listed above must be met: (1) the content must be publicly accessible; (2) the content must be legitimate and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner; (3) the content must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices that prohibit educational or non-commercial use; (4) access to and use of the content must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks; and (5) *the author(s) and source of the content must be acknowledged.* Images that are found through a typical Google Image Search need to be assessed so as to determine whether conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be met and, if so, *they must then be accompanied by attribution statements when incorporated into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, exams, and course sites, in order to meet condition 5.* Conducting a Google Advanced Image Search allows for a filter to be used so that images that meet conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be found. *Once an image is selected from these search results and incorporated into a handout, posting, slide deck, quiz, test, exam, or course site, it would then need to be accompanied by an attribution statement so as to meet condition 5.*

To conduct a Google Advanced Image Search, enter the same keywords that would be used in a typical Google Image Search into the first field (all these words) and then drop the menu down to 'Creative Commons licenses' in the last field (usage rights). The fields in between the first and last fields can be left blank or they can be populated at a faculty member's discretion. The results page will display images that meet the search criteria. Please keep in mind that Google Advanced Image Search is the service being used to find images, it is not the source of the images that are found or selected for use. *The webpage on which the selected image is publicly accessible online will need to be visited in order to access the image for use and collect information (author (if known), source, and url) for the attribution statement (acknowledgement, citation, or credit line) that will accompany the image when it is reproduced and incorporated into a handout, posting, slide deck, quiz, test, exam, or course site.*

The graphic below demonstrates how to conduct a Google Advanced Image Search.

Creative Commons-licensed Images and Library-licensed Image Collections

The Images from Online Sources chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The chart links to image search tools, with information about conducting searches, online and Creative Commons-licensed image collections, with information about the scope of use and attribution statements, and library-licensed image collections, with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use and attribution statements.

Images from Subscription-based Sources

Websites, platforms, and online services that require the creation of accounts, logging in, subscriptions, or the payment of fees are not publicly accessible online sources of content. These websites, platforms, and online services are outside of the scope of section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. The use of content from these websites, platforms, and online services is governed by their Terms of Use or Terms of Service that are agreed to or accepted when accounts are created or subscriptions are initiated. The Terms of Use or Terms of Service will include sections that address intellectual property and permitted uses and these sections will either permit or prohibit the educational use of content within (shared to, posted to, uploaded to, transmitted through, stored within, etc.) the website, platform, or online service. Before incorporating content from such websites, platforms, or online services into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, exams, or course sites, please consult the Terms of Use or Terms of Service that you agreed to or accepted.

Images from Social Media Platforms

Content from social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, X, etc.) can be incorporated into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, and exams that you intend to display and distribute to students in the classroom and communicate to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture, if you have an account with the respective social media platform. When you created your account, you would have agreed to or accepted the social media platform's Terms of Use or Terms of Service and, by doing so, you would have granted the social media platform and its users some or all of the economic rights to the content that you make available through (share to, post to, upload to, transmit through, store within, etc.) that social media platform. This means that others can make use of your content but it also means that you can make use of their content. At your discretion, and if you have accounts with social media platforms, you can incorporate content from social media platforms into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, and exams that you intend to distribute and display to students in the classroom and communicate to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture. *The username of the account that posted/shared the content, the date that the content was posted/shared, and the name of the social media platform should be acknowledged by way of an attribution statement, citation, or credit line when content from social media is reproduced, distributed, displayed and communicated to students.*

If you come across an image, from any source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether or how that image can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Audio Recordings (Physical Formats, Online, Library-licensed, and Streaming Services)

This section is intended to address audio recordings, such as recordings of recited works and delivered lectures or speeches, conducted interviews, podcasts, and audio books. For information about music, please see the sections below which address Music and Sheet Music.

Audio Recordings in Physical Formats

Audio recordings in physical formats can be performed in the classroom and during an online class for students enrolled in a course in accordance with section 29.5 of the Copyright Act. Section 29.5 is an exception that permits the performance of sound recordings for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the audio recording must be performed for educational purposes;

- the performance of the audio recording must be facilitated by the person directly responsible for setting the curriculum;

- the audio recording must be performed on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the audience must consist primarily of students;

- the audio recording must not be performed for profit; and

- the audio recording must not be an infringing copy of a sound recording.

Section 29.5 of the Copyright Act is best applied to audio recordings that are available in a physical format: a cassette tape (ie a recording of a conducted interview), a vinyl record (ie a recording of a comedy album), or a compact disc (ie a recording of an audio book).

Please note that section 29.5 of the Copyright Act does not permit the performance of sound recordings in physical formats during a recorded lecture.

Audio Recordings from Online Sources

Audio recordings that are available through publicly accessible online sources can be linked or hyperlinked to from within a course site and can be performed/streamed in the classroom, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture for students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Section 30.04 is an exception that permits the use of publicly accessible online content for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the online source and the audio recording must be publicly accessible (you must be able to access the audio recording without creating an account, logging in to a website, subscribing to a website, platform, or online service, or paying any fees);

- the audio recording must be legitimate (not an infringing copy) and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner (consult verified accounts and trusted websites, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the audio recording, and avoid audio recordings that are accompanied by disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended');

- the audio recording must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices that prohibit educational or non-commercial use;

- access to and use of the audio recording must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid audio recordings that cannot be played in your geographic location); and

- *the author(s) and source of the audio recording must be acknowledged when a publicly accessible online audio recording is reproduced (ie downloaded) in order to perform/stream it for students.*

Please keep in mind that linking or hyperlinking to publicly accessible online content within course sites is an alternative to reproducing that content. In the decision regarding Crookes v. Newton (2011), the Supreme Court of Canada stated that "a hyperlink, by itself, should never be seen as 'publication' of the content to which it refers" [para.14]. Linking or hyperlinking to content does not constitute reproducing that content and links or hyperlinks would not need to be accompanied by attribution statements.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make audio recordings from online sources available to students through their course sites.

Audio Recording Streaming Services

Streaming services like Apple Podcasts and Amazon's Audible are legitimate online sources of audio recordings but they are not publicly accessible online sources of audio recordings. These streaming services are outside of the scope of section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Subscriptions to these streaming services require accounts and agreements to or acceptance of Terms of Use or Terms of Service which restrict access to personal and household use. These streaming services should not be used in the classroom, during an online class, or during a recorded lecture.

*Podcasts should be performed/streamed from their dedicated websites (if the websites are publicly accessible online sources).

*Audio books, or excerpts from them, should be performed/streamed through library-licensed audio recording collections.

Library-licensed Audio Recording Collections

Queen's University Library has licensed the use of content and works including audio recordings, such as recordings of recited works and delivered lectures or speeches, conducted interviews, podcasts, and audio books, for educational use by Queen's faculty, students, researchers, and staff. Library-licensed content and works are available through databases and can be accessed through the use of search tools. Audio recordings from library-licensed audio recording collections can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site. Audio recordings from library-licensed audio recording collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make persistent links to audio recordings from library-licensed collections available to students through their course sites.

If you come across an audio recording, from any online source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that audio recording can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Music (Physical Formats, Online, Creative Commons-licensed and Library-licensed, and Streaming Services)

Music in Physical Formats

Music in physical formats can be performed in the classroom and during an online class for students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 29.5 of the Copyright Act. Section 29.5 is an exception that permits the performance of music for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the music must be performed for education or training-related purposes;

- the performance of the music must be facilitated by the person directly responsible for setting the curriculum;

- the music must be performed on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the audience must consist primarily of students;

- the music must not be performed for profit; and

- the music being performed must not be an infringing copy of a sound recording.

Section 29.5 of the Copyright Act is best applied to music that is available in a physical format: a cassette tape, a vinyl record, or a compact disc.

Please note that section 29.5 of the Copyright Act does not permit the performance of music in physical formats during a recorded lecture.

Music from Online Sources

Music that is available through publicly accessible online sources can be linked to from within a course site and performed/streamed in the classroom, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture for students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Section 30.04 is an exception that permits the use of publicly accessible online content for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the online source and the music must be publicly accessible (you must be able to access the music without creating an account, logging in to a website, subscribing to a website, platform, or online service, or paying any fees);

- the music must be legitimate (not an infringing copy) and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner (consult verified accounts and trusted websites, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the music, and avoid music that is accompanied by disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended');

- the music must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices the prohibit educational or non-commercial use;

- access to and use of the music must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid music that cannot be played in your geographic location); and

- *the author(s) and source of the music must be acknowledged if publicly accessible online music is reproduced (ie downloaded) in order to perform/stream it for students.*

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make music from online sources available to students through their course sites.

Music Streaming Services

Streaming services like Spotify, Amazon Music, Apple Music, etc. are legitimate online sources of music but they are not publicly accessible online sources of music. These streaming services are outside of the scope of section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Subscriptions to these streaming services require accounts and agreements to or acceptance of Terms of Use or Terms of Service which restrict access to personal and household use. These streaming services should not be used in the classroom, during an online class, or during a recorded lecture.

Creative Commons-licensed Music and Library-licensed Music Collections

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The first page of the chart includes links to online sources of Creative Commons-licensed music, with information about the scope of use and attribution statements, as well as library-licensed music collections, with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use. Creative Commons-licensed music can be performed/streamed in the classroom, can be linked or hyperlinked to from within a course site, can be performed/streamed during an online class, and can be performed/streamed during a recorded lecture. Music from library-licensed music collections can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site. Music from library-licensed music collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make persistent links to music from library-licensed collections available to students through their course sites.

The graphic below illustrates whether music from various sources can be performed/streamed to students in the classroom.

The graphic below illustrates whether music from various sources can be made available to students through course sites, online classes, and recorded lectures.

If you come across music that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that music can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Sheet Music (Print, Online, and Library-licensed)

Sheet Music from Print Sources

Sheet music from print sources may be reproduced and distributed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course (handouts) and communicated via a course site to students enrolled in the course (postings) in accordance with the Fair Dealing Requirements for Educational Copying (Appendix A of Queen's University's Copyright Compliance and Administration Policy). A handout or posting may consist of a short excerpt from a copyright-protected material or work. The Fair Dealing Requirements define 'a short excerpt' as follows:

f. an entire musical score from a copyright-protected material or work containing other musical scores;

provided that, in each case, no more of the copyright-protected material or work is reproduced in order to achieve the allowable purpose.

*An attribution statement acknowledging the author and source of the short excerpt should be visible on the reproduced short excerpt that is distributed in the classroom (handout) or communicated via a course site (posting) to students enrolled in the course.*

Additional information about short excerpts is available in the Short Excerpts Explained section on our Overview of Fair Dealing page.

If a musical score is published individually, 'a short excerpt' from that individually published musical score could be reproduced and distributed in the classroom (handout) or communicated via a course site (posting) to students enrolled in the course in accordance with the Fair Dealing Requirements but authorization or permission from the copyright owner would be required to reproduce and distribute or communicate the entire individually published musical score. As mentioned above, Queen's faculty are encouraged to use the Copyright Advisory Office's Permissions & Licensing service.

Sheet Music from Online Sources

Sheet music from publicly accessible online sources can be reproduced, distributed, and displayed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course and communicated via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture to students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Section 30.04 is an exception that permits the use of publicly accessible online content for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the online source and the sheet music must be publicly accessible (you must be able to access the sheet music without creating an account, logging in to a website, subscribing to a website, platform, or online service, or paying any fees);

- the sheet music must be legitimate (not an infringing copy) and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner (consult verified accounts and trusted websites, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the sheet music, and avoid sheet music that is accompanied by disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended');

- the sheet music must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices that prohibit educational or non-commercial use;

- access to and use of the sheet music must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid sheet music that has been watermarked, avoid sheet music that cannot be downloaded or copied and pasted, and avoid sheet music that cannot be accessed in your geographic location); and

- *the author(s) and source of the sheet music must be acknowledged when publicly accessible online sheet music is reproduced, distributed, displayed, and communicated to students.*

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make sheet music from online sources available to students through their course sites.

Creative Commons-licensed Sheet Music and Library-licensed Sheet Music Collections

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The second page of the chart includes links to online sources of public domain and Creative Commons-licensed collections of sheet music, with information about the scope of use and attribution statements, as well as library-licensed collections of sheet music, with information about the scope of use and attribution statements. Public domain and Creative Commons-licensed sheet music can be reproduced, distributed, and displayed in the classroom and can be communicated via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture. Sheet music from library-licensed collections of sheet music can be reproduced, distributed, and displayed in the classroom to students enrolled in the course and persistent links can be used within a course site. Sheet music from library-licensed collections of sheet music cannot be communicated during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make persistent links to sheet music from library-licensed collections available to students through their course sites.

If you come across sheet music, from any source, that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how that sheet music can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Music and Sheet Music from Online Sources Chart

Films and Videos (Physical Formats, Online, YouTube, Library-licensed, and Streaming Services)

Films in Physical Formats

Films in physical formats can be performed in the classroom and during an online class for students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 29.5 of the Copyright Act. Section 29.5 is an exception that permits the performance of cinematographic works for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the film must be performed for education or training-related purposes;

- the performance of the film must be facilitated by the person directly responsible for setting the curriculum;

- the film must be performed on the premises of the educational institution (includes being logged in to a course site);

- the audience must consist primarily of students;

- the film must not be performed for profit; and

- the film being performed must not be an infringing copy of a cinematographic work (a film).

Section 29.5 of the Copyright Act is best applied to films that are available in a physical format: a VHS tape, a DVD, or a Blu-ray disc.

Please note that section 29.5 of the Copyright Act does not permit the performance of films in physical formats during a recorded lecture.

Films and Videos from Online Sources

Films and videos that are available through publicly accessible online sources can be linked or hyperlinked to from within a course site and can be performed/streamed in the classroom, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture for students enrolled in the course in accordance with section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Section 30.04 is an exception that permits the use of publicly accessible online content for educational purposes. In order to make use of this exception, the following conditions must be met:

- the online source and the film/video must be publicly accessible (you must be able to access the film/video without creating an account, logging in to a website, subscribing to a website, platform, or online service, or paying any fees);

- the film/video must be legitimate (not an infringing copy) and must have been made available online to the public by the copyright owner (consult verified accounts and trusted websites, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the film/video, and avoid films/videos that are accompanied by disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended');

- the film/video must not be accompanied by clearly visible copyright notices that prohibit educational or non-commercial use;

- access to and use of the film/video must not be restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid films/videos that cannot be played in your geographic location); and

- *the author(s) and source of the film/video must be acknowledged if the publicly accessible online film/video is reproduced (ie downloaded and uploaded to a course site) in order to perform/stream it for students.*

YouTube

YouTube is a publicly accessible online source of videos. You are not required to have a YouTube or Google account in order to access videos on YouTube. Before linking or hyperlinking to YouTube videos within a course site or performing/streaming YouTube videos in the classroom, during an online class, during a recorded lecture for students enrolled in the course, you must confirm that the videos are legitimate (not infringing copies); that the videos were made available on YouTube by the copyright owner (consult verified accounts, consider the validity of the usernames of those who posted or uploaded the videos, and avoid videos that are accompanied disclaimers that state 'no copyright infringement intended'); and that the use of the videos is not restricted by technological protection measures or digital locks (avoid videos that cannot be played in your geographic location). If you come across YouTube videos that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether or how the videos can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make films and videos from online sources available to students through their course sites.

Film and Video Streaming Services

Streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+, HBO Max, Apple TV, Hulu, Crave, etc. are legitimate online sources of films and videos but they are not publicly accessible online sources of films and videos. These streaming services are outside of the scope of section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Subscriptions to these streaming services require accounts and agreements to or acceptance of Terms of Use or Terms of Service which restrict access to personal and household use. These streaming services should not be used in the classroom, during an online class, or during a recorded lecture.

Library-licensed Film and Video Collections

Queen's faculty are encouraged to use Queen's University Library's Course Reserves service if they intend to make persistent links to films and videos from library-licensed collections available to students through their course sites.

The graphic below illustrates whether films and videos from various sources can be performed/streamed to students in the classroom.

The graphic below illustrates whether films and videos can be made available to students through course sites, online classes, and recorded lectures.

If you come across films and videos that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how those films and videos can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Subscription-based Content and Social Media

Subscription-based Content

Websites, platforms, and online services that require the creation of accounts, logging in, subscriptions, or the payment of fees, are not publicly accessible online sources of content. These websites, platforms, and online services are outside of the scope of section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. The use of content from these websites, platforms, and online services is governed by their Terms of Use or Terms of Service that are agreed to or accepted when accounts are created or subscriptions are initiated. The Terms of Use or Terms of Service will include sections that address intellectual property and permitted uses and these sections will either permit or prohibit the educational use of content within (shared to, posted to, uploaded to, transmitted through, stored within, etc.) the website, platform, or online service. Before incorporating content from such websites, platforms, or online services into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, or exams that you intend to distribute or display to students in the classroom or communicate to students via a course site, during an online class, or during a recorded lecture, please consult the Terms of Use or Terms of Service that you agreed to or accepted.

Social Media

Content from social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, X, etc.) can be incorporated into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, and exams, that you intend to distribute or display to students in the classroom or communicate to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture, if you have an account with the respective social media platform. When you created your account, you would have agreed to or accepted the social media platform's Terms of Use or Terms of Service and, by doing so, you would have granted the social media platform and its users some or all of the economic rights to the content that you make available through (share to, post to, upload to, transmit through, store within, etc.) that social media platform. This means that others can make use of your content but it also means that you can make use of their content. At your discretion, and if you have accounts with social media platforms, you can incorporate content from social media platforms into handouts, postings, slide decks, quizzes, tests, and exams, that you intend to distribute and display to students in the classroom and communicate to students via a course site, during an online class, and during a recorded lecture. *The username of the account that posted/shared the content, the date that the content was posted/shared, and the name of the social media platform should be acknowledged by way of an attribution statement, citation, or credit line when content from social media is reproduced, distributed, displayed, and communicated to students.*

Streaming Services (Music and Films and Videos)

Music

Streaming services like Spotify, Amazon Music, Apple Music, etc. are legitimate online sources of music but they are not publicly accessible online sources of music. These streaming services are outside of the scope of section 30.04 of the Copyright Act. Subscriptions to these streaming services require accounts and agreements to or acceptance of Terms of Use or Terms of Service which restrict access to personal and household use. These streaming services should not be used in the classroom, during an online class, or during a recorded lecture.

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The first page of the chart includes links to online sources of Creative Commons-licensed music, with information about the scope of use and attribution statements, as well as library-licensed music collections with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use. Creative Commons-licensed music can be performed/streamed in the classroom, can be linked or hyperlinked to from within a course site, and can be performed/streamed during an online class and during a recorded lecture. Music from library-licensed music collections can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site. Music from library-licensed music collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

Films and Videos

The chart linked below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office in an effort to address questions frequently asked by Queen's faculty. The chart includes links to library-licensed film and video collections with descriptions of the collections and information about the scope of use. Of the 38 collections listed, 31 can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site but the films and videos in these collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture. One of the collections can be used within Faculty of Education courses only. The remaining 6 collections may be accessed and used for private study and research purposes only. As such, the word 'teaching' will be highlighted in the 'Scope of Use' column in cases where library-licensed film and video collections can be performed/streamed in the classroom and persistent links can be used within a course site but the films and videos in these collections cannot be performed/streamed during an online class or during a recorded lecture.

If you come across music, films, or videos that you would like to use but have questions or concerns about whether and how they can be used, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Ed Tech Tools

The use of Ed Tech tools is governed by each tool's Terms of Use or Terms of Service. When a faculty member or a student creates an account to make use of an Ed Tech tool, they will agree to or accept the tool's Terms of Use or Terms of Service and, by doing so, they will grant the tool and its users some or all of the economic rights to the content that they make available through (share to, post to, upload to, transmit through, store within, etc.) that tool. This means that other users can make use of faculty members' and students' content but it also means that faculty members and students can make use of others' content. When using or considering the use of these tools, it's important to be aware of how your content is treated and managed by the developers and operators of these tools as well as by any unknown third parties. Please exercise caution when making your content available through these tools and avoid making copyright-protected content and works available through these tools without authorization or permission from the copyright owners.

An Ed Tech Toolkit has been made available by the Centre for Teaching and Learning at Queen's University. The list below was prepared by the Copyright Advisory Office for the Ed Tech Toolkit Working Group. The list includes reviews of numerous Ed Tech tools' Terms of Use or Terms of Service and highlights the treatment and management of intellectual property (content), whether and how artificial intelligence is used, and includes links to the tools' privacy policies and any available accessibility-related information. If you are using an Ed Tech tool that is or is not included in the list below and you have questions about that tool's Terms of Use or Terms of Service, please contact the Copyright Advisory Office for assistance: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Ed Tech Tools' Terms of Use and Terms of Service

Guest Lecturers' Materials

When making arrangements for a guest lecturer to visit your classroom or online class, although it is generally assumed, it is best to confirm that their lecture materials (handouts, postings, slides, etc.) can be reproduced and distributed to students and colleagues and/or reproduced and communicated to students and colleagues through course sites and/or email. If you intend to record a guest lecturer's lecture, it would also be best to confirm with the guest lecturer that this can be done. This can often be done via an email exchange so that the guest lecturer's response can be kept for your records. Formal permission requests or grants of permission are not required for class visits.

Guest lecturers' lecture materials should be prepared in accordance with Queen's University's Copyright Compliance and Administration Policy. You are welcome to direct guest lecturers to our Copyright In the Classroom, Copyright in Course Sites, and Categories of Content pages where they'll find detailed information about handouts, postings, slides, and types and sources of content. Guest lecturers are also welcome to consult with the Copyright Advisory Office if they have any questions: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Student Works

Students retain the rights (economic and moral rights) to the works that they create. When students submit their work to instructors, they do so for the purpose of having their work evaluated by those instructors so that grades can be assigned and feedback can be provided. If a student's work is exemplary or exceptional and an instructor would like to share the student's work with other students in the class, with students in a future offering of the course, with colleagues, or to showcase the work of students so as to promote a course or program, written permission from the student will need to be obtained. This can often be done via an email exchange so that the student's response can be kept for your records.

If students will be preparing presentations, seminars, etc., within your course, it would be best to indicate in the assignment instructions that their presentation/seminar materials (handouts, postings, slides, etc.) will be distributed to students in the classroom and/or communicated to students through course sites and/or email.

Queen's students are encouraged to consult our Copyright Information for Students guide and they are welcome to contact the Copyright Advisory Office if they have any questions: qcopy@queensu.ca.

Alternate Formats for Students

It's important to note that there is a difference between a copy of a copyright-protected work and an alternate format of a copyright-protected work. A copy of a copyright-protected work essentially serves the same purpose as the copyright-protected work but acts as a substitute for the copyright-protected work. Producing an alternate format does involve reproducing a copyright-protected work, or content from it, but that alternate format is serving a very specific purpose for someone's individual accessibility-related needs, a purpose that the copyright-protected work cannot serve. Neither the Copyright Act nor the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act include a definition of 'alternate format' but section 32 of the Copyright Act, which addresses the production of alternate formats, includes the following wording: "a format specifically designed for persons with a perceptual disability". This wording recognizes that students' accessibility-related needs can vary widely and that there isn't one blanket alternate format that can possibly address all accessibility-related needs.

Students are encouraged to register with Queen's Student Accessibility Services (QSAS) so that individualized academic accommodations can be arranged. Queen's Student Accessibility Services (QSAS) will refer registered students with print disabilities to Library Accessibility Services so that alternate formats of textbooks, course readings, and research materials can be produced and provided. In order for alternate formats of textbooks, course readings, and research materials to be produced and provided, students will need to provide Library Accessibility Services with proof of purchase for those textbooks and agree not to reproduce, distribute, or communicate the produced and provided alternate formats by signing E-File Statement Agreements.

Educator Resources are available to faculty so that they can create accessible faculty-created content (course outlines, handouts, postings, assignment templates, slides, lecture notes, media, etc.). As Queen's faculty retain the rights (economic and moral rights) to the content that they create, it is recommended that faculty consider making the following information visible on or included within their faculty-created content:

(c) [year], Prepared by [name of faculty member], Professor, Queen's University [email address] for use in [course, term].

A Creative Commons license could be applied at the faculty member's discretion, please see the Creative Commons Licenses section on our Authors' Rights & Course Materials page, or the line above could be accompanied by a statement addressing the use of the faculty-created content within the course and/or program as well as the reproduction, distribution, and communication of the faculty-created content online and outside of the course and/or program.

Example: This slide deck is protected by copyright and was prepared for use within [course, term] by students enrolled in the course. The reproduction, distribution, and communication of this slide deck online or outside of [course, term] is not permitted without permission from [name of faculty member], Professor, Queen's University [email address].