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Legal Citation with the Canadian Open Access Legal Citation Guide (the COAL Guide)

This guide provides an introduction to legal citation with the COAL guide.

Citing Journal Articles

These are the elements you need to cite a journal article (see section 3.4 for more details):

CITATION ELEMENTS: Author(s), | "title of article" | (year) | volume:issue number [if applicable] | journal/review title | pinpoint [if applicable].

EXAMPLE: H.L. Kong, "Deliberative Constitutional Amendments" (2015) 41:1 Queen's Law Journal.

Citation Breakdown:

A. Author's Name

  • Use initial(s) then last name
  • E.g. H.L. Kong

B. Article Title

  • Place the title of the article in quotation marks.
  • E.g. "Deliberative Constitutional Amendments"

C. Year

  • The year of publication is contained in parentheses.
  • E.g. (2015)

D. Volume Number

  • Always include the volume number.
  • E.g. 41

E. Issue Number

  • Not all journals publish in issues. If an issue number is available for the article, include it following the volume number and a colon.
  • E.g. 41:1 (volume 41, issue 1)

F. Journal or Review Name

  • Provide the full title of the journal in italics.
  • E.g. Queen's Law Journal

G. Pinpoint

  • When you need to cite to a particular passage, pinpoint to a page (or section, if they are numbered).
  • The pinpoint is introduced by "at".
  • E.g. H.L. Kong, "Deliberative Constitutional Amendments" (2015) 41:1 Queen's Law Journal at p 107.